Aflatoxin B1 is a derivative of dihydrofuranoxaphthalone, containing one difuran ring and one coumarin. Aflatoxin B1 is the most carcinogenic chemical substance known. Aflatoxin B1 has strong toxicity to humans and many animals, and its toxic effect is mainly on the liver.
Aflatoxin B1 exists in the soil, animals and plants, nuts, especially peanuts and walnuts. Aflatoxins are also often found in products such as soybeans, rice, corn, macaroni, condiments, milk, dairy products, and edible oils. Generally, the hot and humid areas in the south, such as tropical and subtropical areas, are most contaminated, and its detection rate of Aflatoxin in food is relatively high.
Aflatoxin is heat-resistant and can only be decomposed at 280°C, so it is difficult to be destroyed under normal cooking temperature.
The metabolism of Aflatoxin B1 mainly occurs in the liver, kidneys, spleen and adrenal glands, and generally not in muscles. If Aflatoxin is not continuously ingested, it generally will not accumulate in the body. About 1 week after ingestion, most of it will be excreted through breathing, urine, feces, etc.
Aflatoxins are toxic metabolites of a class of fungi (such as Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus). They have strong carcinogenicity and are mainly found in grains, nuts, cottonseed and some products related to human blood and animal feed. Among them, the toxicity, carcinogenicity and pollution frequency of Aflatoxin B1 (afb1) rank top.
From the point of view of the chemical structure and characteristics of aflatoxin, all the structure of Aflatoxin are derivatives of difuranocoumarin. So far, more than 20 species have been identified, divided into two categories: B series and G series.
The toxicity of Aflatoxin has a certain relationship with its structure. The double bond of the difuran ring is easily epoxidized to form 2,3-epoxide. The combination of this oxide and the nucleophilic group in the nucleic acid macromolecule affects the structure and function of the nucleic acid.
Therefore, any difuran ring with double bond in the end has the strongest toxicity and is carcinogenic, such as Aspergillus flavus Toxin B1, Aflatoxin G1 and Aflatoxin M1. Regarding the natural pollution of grain, oil and food, it is easy to produce epoxidation reaction, so Aflatoxin B1 is the most common, and its toxicity and carcinogenicity are also the strongest. Therefore, Aflatoxin B1 is often used as a pollution indicator in food hygiene monitoring.
On November 16, 2015, the Food and Drug Administration of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region notified the result of random inspection of 80 batches of food. Among them, there were 76 batches of qualified products and 4 batches of unqualified products. All the unqualified products were peanut oil products. The disqualification lies in Aflatoxin B1 exceeding the standard.
Among them, the unqualified products came from Guangxi Guigang City Qintang District Haochunxiang Edible Oil Factory, Guangxi Yulin City Dajian Food Co., Ltd., Guangxi Guigang City Qintang District Yichang Oil House produced bulk peanut oil and Guangxi Pusheng Grain, Oil and Food Co., Ltd. At the same time, the bulk peanut oil Aflatoxin B1 produced by Yichang oil factory in Qintang District, Guigang City, Guangxi exceeded the standard by 10 times.
Experts believe that the main reason for the excessive Aflatoxin B1 in peanut oil products is that peanut raw materials are contaminated by molds such as flavus during planting, harvesting, transportation and storage, or the company does not strictly select peanut raw materials and conduct related tests during production.
There is currently no good way to remove aflatoxins from edible oil. Aflatoxin is slightly decomposed in strong acid solution, and quickly decomposed in strong alkali solution. The decomposition temperature of heat resistant Aflatoxin B1 is 268°C. Ultraviolet rays are destructive to low concentrations of aflatoxin. When cooking vegetables with peanut oil, put a peeled garlic inside. Garlic is the most sensitive to aflatoxin. If the garlic turns red, then this is waste oil containing a lot of aflatoxin. If it is quality oil, the garlic will be white. Aflatoxin is very bitter. If you feel bitter when eating peanuts, walnuts, etc., spit it out immediately and rinse your mouth. Moldy peanuts and walnuts are prone to aflatoxin.
Natural chlorophyll can inhibit the organ carcinogenesis caused by Aflatoxin B1. It is an excellent chemical protective substance that is very effective against carcinogens. From reducing absorption, to reducing the effect of carcinogens and genetic material, to reducing the appearance of precancerous lesions in various tissues, it has obvious effects in all links.
Aflatoxin B1 is produced by grains in dark and humid conditions. When squeezing vegetable oil, if moldy peanuts, soybeans, corn, etc. are used, Aflatoxin B1 is very likely to exceed the standard. Animal oils and fats generally do not contain it.
Chemical carcinogen
The Aflatoxin M1 in milk is a metabolic product of B1. The Aflatoxin M1 in milk has a limit of 0.5, and a limit of 20ppb for Aflatoxin B1. There is no detailed research and scientific research on this aspect.
CSY-E96H Aflatoxin rapid detector adopts the principle of solid-phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent ELISA, that is, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay: it can quantitatively detect the content of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, G2 M1 M2 AFM1, AFP1, AFQ1, AFB1-2, 3-epoxide in grains, food, feed, oil, dairy products, drugs, beverages, milk, wine and other products. And it can be connected to the food safety monitoring system.
Aflatoxin rapid detectors and drug residue detectors are widely used in product quality supervision and inspection, hygiene and epidemic prevention, environmental protection, business management, aquatic product wholesale markets, flour production bases, farms, and grain Warehouses, supermarkets, shopping malls, major food safety monitoring systems and other departments.
Milk:
Aflatoxin B1 is 0.002μg/kg,
Aflatoxin B2 is 0.001μg/kg,
Aflatoxins G1 and G2 are 0.003μg/kg,
Aflatoxins M1 and M2 are 0.005μg/kg;
Milk powder:
Aflatoxin B1 is 0.02μg/kg,
Aflatoxin B2 is 0.01μg/kg,
Aflatoxins G1 and G2 are 0.03μg/kg,
Aflatoxins M1 and M2 are 0.05μg/kg.
National regulations stipulate that the content of Aflatoxin in feed shall not exceed 20 ppb.
Aflatoxins are mainly produced by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus, and are composed of about 20 chemical substances with similar structures, of which B1, B2, G1, G2 and M1 are the most important. Sensitivity: pig> cattle> duck> goose> chicken.
On November 26, 1990, China promulgated the "Administrative Measures for the Prevention of Food Hygiene Contaminated by Aflatoxin".
The management method stipulates that in order to ensure the health of infants and young children, the grain department should provide grains without aflatoxins. When grains, oils and oil products containing aflatoxins exceeding the allowable amount are used for processing, effective measures must be taken to remove toxicity, and the product can be consumed only after it meets the standards. Anyone who violates the regulations will be held accountable by law.
When the sample solution is dripped into the sample hole, the Aspergillus flavus B1 toxin in the sample solution binds to the gold-labeled antibody, thereby blocking the antigen binding site of Aflatoxin B1 on the gold-labeled antibody, preventing the gold-labeled antibody from binding to the Aflatoxin B1 conjugate on the cellulose membrane, resulting in no color shown.
Triangular Aflatoxin B1 rapid detection card result:
Two lines are sprayed in the central interpretation area of the test paper card, the upper one is the control line (line C), and the lower one is the test line (line T). If the concentration of Aflatoxin B1 in the sample solution is less than the detection line, then the T line will be stronger than the C line, or similar to the C line; if the concentration of Aflatoxin B1 in the sample solution is stronger than the detection line, then T line will not appear.
Aflatoxins are the most toxic type of biological toxins found in contaminated agricultural products. Among them, the most toxic and most harmful is Aflatoxin B1, which is 10 times more toxic than potassium cyanide and 68 times that of arsenic, and is listed as a particularly highly toxic substance under strict control. Aflatoxin B1 at a dose of 0.294 mg/kg can cause acute poisoning and death of sensitive animals.
Food hygiene standards stipulate the allowable amount of Aflatoxin B1 in several major foods that are easily contaminated. The allowable amount of Aflatoxin B1 in corn, peanut, and peanut oil is ≤20μg/kg; other edible oils are ≤10μg/ kg; other grains, beans, fermented foods are ≤5μg/kg.
The current mainstream methods include fluorescence quantitative detection, enzyme immunoassay, colloidal gold, and liquid chromatography.
In 1993, Aflatoxin was classified as a category 1 carcinogen by the cancer research organization of the World Health Organization (WHO), and it is a highly toxic substance. Its toxicity is much higher than that of cyanide, arsenic and organic pesticides, with B1 being the most toxic. When the intake is large, acute poisoning can occur, including acute hepatitis, hemorrhagic necrosis, hepatocyte steatosis and bile duct hyperplasia.
When ingested continuously in a small amount, it can cause chronic poisoning, growth failure, fibrous lesions, and proliferation of fibrous tissue. AFT also ranks first in carcinogenicity and is currently one of the strongest carcinogens known. It has a destructive effect on human and animal liver tissues, and can cause liver cancer or even death in severe cases. Aflatoxin B1 is the most common in naturally contaminated food, and its toxicity and carcinogenicity are also the strongest.
Aflatoxin B1 is the most dangerous carcinogen and is often detected in corn, peanuts, cotton seeds and some dried fruits. They can produce fluorescence under ultraviolet radiation. According to the different fluorescence colors, they can be divided into two categories: B group and G group and their derivatives.
AFT has more than 20 species known. AFT mainly pollutes cereals, oils, foods, animal and plant foods: peanuts, corn, rice, wheat, beans, nuts, meat, milk and dairy products, and aquatic products. Among them, peanuts and corn are the most polluted. Home-made fermented foods can also see aflatoxins, especially in areas with high temperature and humidity.
Aflatoxins are the most toxic of known mycotoxins and are the most widely studied. It can cause liver toxicity to a variety of mammals, of which Aflatoxin B1 is the most toxic, and may cause acute liver necrosis, cirrhosis, liver cancer, etc. in humans. Adults are not prone to acute disease, but long-term intake can cause chronic liver disease.
Aspergillus flavus and several other fungi belonging to the genus Aspergillus are the main species of Aflatoxin that cause food contamination. They are widespread in nature, and may contaminate food materials before harvest, after harvest, or even during storage and transportation; the ones that are easily contaminated including various nuts, cereals (corn), beans (peanuts), etc. Under normal circumstances, excessive moisture and warm environment will promote its growth and cause more toxins, while low temperature (5-8 ºC) will inhibit its growth.
As far as its growth environment is concerned, food pollution caused by Aflatoxin will be particularly serious in the humid and rainy southern regions. However, this of course is also closely related to the weather conditions during the production season and the conditions of transportation and storage. Because Aflatoxin itself is very toxic, it should be avoided when it can be avoided. Therefore, students in the north should also reduce their intake of oil extracted by native method if possible.
In the process of extracting oil, can it be avoided by picking out the moldy peanuts? The answer is no, because when you see the fungus, the fungus has actually grown and even reproduced in large numbers. The conditions for mass growth are suitable growth conditions. In other words, other peanuts in the same batch may have been contaminated, but they have not yet manifested.
Aflatoxin can indeed be destroyed at high temperatures. Data from several papers indicate that treatment with a high temperature of 160ºC or above will reduce its toxicity. But the problem is that it is difficult for people (cooking, oil extraction) to determine at what temperature and how long the treatment can destroy the existing aflatoxin. Therefore, the most reasonable choice is to reduce and avoid intake as much as possible from the source.
Aflatoxin B1 depends on the environment in which you want to test. Anhydrous methanol is okay, ethyl acetate is okay, and the ether and petroleum ether used to analyze zhuan columns are also available. It belongs to the lipid-soluble molecular structure except for liquid paraffin and water. Most organic solvents can dissolve well. For food-grade testing, you can use ODO (caprylic acid glyceride) or propylene glycol. For medical and industrial production analysis, it doesn’t matter what you use as long as it is not an alkaline solvent.
The standard solution of Aflatoxin B1 refers to the standard product of Aflatoxin B1, which is pure Aflatoxin B1.
Dissolution method: The pure product of Aflatoxin B1 is white crystals, extremely difficult to dissolve in water, and easily soluble in organic solvents, such as: chloroform, methanol, ethanol, propanol, ethylene dimethyl amide, insoluble in petroleum ether, Ether and hexane. Generally, it is stable in neutral solution, but decomposes slightly in strong acid solution, and decomposes rapidly in strong alkali solution with pH 9-10.
This product is in powder form. Generally, dimethyl sulfoxide solution is used. 1mg of Aflatoxin needs to be added with 2ml solution, the ratio is 1:2.
Thin film chromatography and liquid chromatography are methods currently used by most inspection institutions. Due to its long detection cycle, complex procedures and a large number of reagents required, it is far from meeting the modern detection requirements. With the continuous development of modern science and technology, especially the continuous development of immunobiology, molecular biology, people have established few fast, simple, specific, sensitive, low-consumption and applicable Aflatoxin detection methods. Moreover, these methods represented by gold-labeled test strips have been widely used in advanced countries. The one-step gold standard test method for Aflatoxin detection seems to be more suitable.
Thin-Layer Chromatography (TLC) is the most widely used separation technique in Aflatoxin research. Since 1990, it has been listed as the AOAC (Association of Official Agricultural Chemists) standard method. This method can do quantitative and qualitative analysis of aflatoxins.
Liquid Chromatography (Liquid Chromatography, LC) and thin layer chromatography are similar in many respects. The two complement each other.
Immunochemical analysis method utilizes the immunoassay method of Aflatoxin designed using highly specific monoclonal antibodies or polyclonal antibodies. Such methods usually include radioimmunoassay (RIA), Enzyme-linked of Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and immunochromatography (ICA). They can all quantitatively determine aflatoxin.
The toxicity of Aflatoxin B1 is 30 times more toxic than vomitin, and 20 times more toxic than zearalenone. The acute toxicity of Aflatoxin B1 is 10 times that of potassium cyanide and 68 times that of arsenic. Its chronic toxicity can cause cancer. The carcinogenic ability is 75 times that of dimethylnitrosamine and 900 times that of dimethylaminobenzene. Human primary liver cancer may also be related to aflatoxin.
The metabolism of Aflatoxin B1 mainly occurs in the liver. It is also distributed in the kidneys, spleen and adrenal glands, and generally does not exist in muscles. If Aflatoxin is not continuously ingested, it generally does not accumulate in the body. About 1 week after ingestion, most of them will be excreted through breathing, urine, feces, etc.
The parent compound of Aflatoxin B1 is not carcinogenic before undergoing metabolic activation, so it is called a pre-carcinogen, because it must form active intermediates through biological transformation in the body, namely "metabolic activation or biological activation" to be carcinogenic. It is transformed into Aflatoxin M1, Aflatoxin M2, and Aflatoxin P1 under the action of cytochrome P450 mixed function oxidase in the endoplasmic reticulum of the animal body. Aflatoxin B1 is converted into Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) by hydroxylation.
Aflatoxin M1 is a metabolite of Aflatoxin B1, and milk of different animals has the highest AFM1 metabolite content.
The pure product of Aflatoxin is colorless crystal with a relative molecular weight of 312.27. It is hardly soluble in water but easily soluble in oil and a variety of polar organic solvents, such as chloroform, methanol, ethanol, propanol, and ethylene dimethyl amide.
Generally, it is stable in neutral solution, but decomposes slightly in strong acid solution, and decomposes rapidly in strong alkali solution with pH 9-10. Aflatoxin is relatively stable to light, heat, and can only be lysed when heated to 280-300°C. After autoclaving for 2 hours, the toxicity is reduced by 25% -33%, and 50% in 4 hours. Aflatoxin B1 fluoresces blue under ultraviolet light, and ultraviolet light is destructive to low concentrations of Aflatoxin B1.
There are only two situations in Aflatoxin experiments can be dangerous:
A. Weighing of solid standards
The powdered standards will float into the air, and the concentration of the standards will be high.
Safety measures: try to use liquid standard products. Pay attention to the protection of masks and gloves when weighing, preferably in a fume hood.
B. TLC experiment
In open fumigation, Aflatoxin will also disperse.
Safety measures: wear masks, gloves and other protection, preferably in a fume hood. Try to use enzyme-linked immunoassay, IAC, HPLC, UPLC and other methods. TLC is indeed dangerous.
The last thing to note is that you must wash your hands carefully after each test. If the waste is allowed, soak it with 4% fresh sodium hypochlorite solution.
Aflatoxin B1 exists in soil, animals and plants, nuts, especially peanuts and walnuts. Aflatoxins are also often found in products such as soybeans, rice, corn, macaroni, condiments, milk, dairy products, and edible oils. Generally, the hot and humid areas in the south, such as tropical and subtropical areas, are most contaminated, and the detection rate of Aflatoxin in food is relatively high. Aflatoxin is heat-resistant and can only be decomposed at 280°C, so it is difficult to be destroyed under normal cooking temperature.
The storage temperature of Aflatoxin B1 is 35~45℃.
Aflatoxins are toxic metabolites of a class of fungi (such as Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus). The four main toxins are: B1, B2, G1, and G2. The most toxic of aflatoxins is Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), which is a Class I carcinogen specified by the World Health Organization. It is 68 times more toxic than arsenic and is the first of the three major causes of liver cancer. 1 mg can cause illness, and 20 mg can be fatal.
In 1993, Aflatoxin was classified as a category 1 carcinogen by the cancer research organization of the World Health Organization (WHO). It is highly toxic substance. The harm of Aflatoxin lies in the damage to human and animal liver tissues. In severe cases, it can lead to liver cancer and even death. Aflatoxin B1 is the most common in naturally contaminated food, and its toxicity and carcinogenicity are also the strongest. B1 is the most dangerous carcinogen, often seen in corn, peanuts, and cotton seeds. It can often be detected in some dried fruits. They can produce fluorescence under ultraviolet radiation.
According to the different fluorescence colors, they can be divided into two categories: B group and G group and their derivatives. AFT has more than 20 species. AFT mainly pollutes cereals, oils, foods, animal and plant foods: peanuts, corn, rice, wheat, beans, nuts, meat, milk and dairy products, and aquatic products. Among them, peanuts and corn are the most polluted. Home-made fermented foods can also have aflatoxins, especially in areas with high temperature and humidity, and the detection rate of grains, oils and products is higher. In view of the toxicity of these mycotoxins, EU countries stipulate that the residual limit of Aflatoxin B1 is 2 ppb.
Aflatoxin B1 is yellow and bitter! Aflatoxins are the most toxic of mycotoxins and are extremely harmful to human health.
Aflatoxin, which caused the sudden death of hundreds of thousands of livestock, is a highly toxic substance. The toxicity of Aflatoxin B1 is 68 times that of arsenic and 10 times that of potassium cyanide. It is extremely destructive to liver tissue.
It is also the strongest biological carcinogen known to us, and 1 mg is the carcinogenic dose. It was designated as a category 1 carcinogen by the cancer research organization of the World Health Organization (WHO) in 1993.
Thin film chromatography and liquid chromatography are methods currently used by most inspection institutions. Due to its long detection cycle, complex procedures and a large number of reagents required, it is far from meeting the modern detection requirements.
With the continuous development of modern science and technology, especially the continuous development of immunobiology, molecular biology, people have established few fast, simple, specific, sensitive, low-consumption and applicable Aflatoxin detection methods. Moreover, these methods represented by gold-labeled test strips have been widely used in advanced countries. The one-step gold standard test method for Aflatoxin detection seems to be more suitable.
Thin-Layer Chromatography (TLC) is the most widely used separation technique in Aflatoxin research. Since 1990, it has been listed as the AOAC (Association of Official Agricultural Chemists) standard method. This method can do quantitative and qualitative analysis of aflatoxins.
Liquid Chromatography (Liquid Chromatography, LC) and thin layer chromatography are similar in many respects. The two complement each other.
Immunochemical analysis method utilizes the immunoassay method of Aflatoxin designed using highly specific monoclonal antibodies or polyclonal antibodies. Such methods usually include radioimmunoassay (RIA), Enzyme-linked of Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and immunochromatography (ICA). They can all quantitatively determine aflatoxin.
If soybeans contain a certain amount of moldy bean grains, then soy oil may contain aflatoxin. However, there are several points that need to be explained. First, in the national standard GB1535, there are strict regulations on the content of aflatoxin; second, does it contain and how much?
It is directly related to the way soybean oil is made and whether there is a good refining process. If there is a good refining process, the content of Aflatoxin cannot exceed the national standard. The reason is that the oil made by viation process method is not soluble in aflatoxin, so that Aflatoxin has very little chance to enter. Most of the factories that use the leaching process are large enterprises and have their own professional refining equipment and processes. Therefore, try not to choose unrefined pressed oil, which is very risky.
Soybean oil is generally not tested for Aflatoxin B1, because soybeans are not easy to mold, and mainly peanut oil and corn oil are tested, which are easily contaminated by Aflatoxin B1!
The toxicity of Aflatoxin B1 is 30 times more toxic than vomitin, and 20 times more toxic than zearalenone. The acute toxicity of Aflatoxin B1 is 10 times that of potassium cyanide and 68 times that of arsenic. The chronic toxicity can induce cancer. The carcinogenic ability is 75 times that of dimethylnitrosamine and 900 times that of dimethylaminobenzene. Human primary liver cancer may also be related to aflatoxin.
The unit used by scientists to count aflatoxins is called ppb. This unit means that how many parts per billion the solute is the mass of the solution. Even at this level, Aflatoxin is still harmful and even fatal. For cats, the LD50 of Aflatoxin (semi-lethal dose, which means that half of the cats will die in a certain period of time) is 0.55mg/kg.
Many errors in pet food from production to pet consumption can lead to the production of Aflatoxin B1.
Aflatoxin B1 is extremely toxic and carcinogenic, and its toxicity mainly targets the liver. Chronic toxicity easily induces cancer.
Instructions:
There are requirements that Aflatoxin cannot exceed 0.05ug/kg in food, so try to avoid eating foods that exceed the standard of Aflatoxin or expired foods. If you are poisoned, go to the hospital to check your liver function as soon as possible. If you have liver damage, liver protection treatment should be taken. Drinking yogurt can also help clear Aspergillus flavus.
Aflatoxin B1 is effective for about 2 months, lethal for about half a year. Therefore, do not eat moldy and deteriorating food blindly. Check the date of the food. The mold grows fast and has a large toxic effect. Liver cancer is the third most common malignant tumor with mortality only second to gastric cancer and esophageal cancer. The initial symptoms are not obvious, and liver pain, fatigue, and weight loss can be seen in late stage.
Aflatoxin B1 is a highly toxic substance with strong liver toxicity and can induce liver cancer and other changes. There is currently no transaction on the market, and this poison is not good for health and cannot be used as a medicine. It should be noted that if Aflatoxin is produced in the food due to mildew, it cannot be eaten. There are strict regulations on the standards of aflatoxin. Foods with high levels of Aflatoxin must be destroyed, they cannot be used in the market to avoid harm to health.
Because Aflatoxin B1 is a highly toxic substance, its own toxicity is very strong, and it is very easy to induce cancer, so Aflatoxin B1 is actually a very dangerous substance. But because Aflatoxin B1 cannot be used as a medicine, Aflatoxin B1 is generally not sold in pharmacies.
Most Chinese herbal extracts can only inhibit the growth of Aspergillus flavus, but it seems that there are not many that can degrade aflatoxin. At present, the main focus is on the research of Chinese herbal medicine (plant extract) inhibiting the growth of Aspergillus flavus.
After mixing plant extracts capable of degrading aflatoxins, they can degrade aflatoxins at a certain temperature (with or without shaking) for a certain period of time.
The physical properties of AFT's B1 and G1 are very similar. They are not soluble in cold water. They have a slight solubility in boiling water and can be dispersed in water like mono-stearic acid glycerol ester. Because the solubility is very small, there is no odor or smell. It is easily soluble in non-polar solvents such as various vegetable oils and animal oil fats Acid esters, and the taste of these mineral spirits is much greater than B1.
Aflatoxin B1 is generally used in the laboratory as liquid antigens and antibodies, mainly for the production of test cards and kits. Of course, the powder can also be diluted with diluent.
Aflatoxin will not cause any harm in a short time. It is a long-term chronic carcinogen. In this case, there is no smell in the water, and it is not available on the market.
Most people are chronically poisoned by aflatoxin. I wonder why you accidentally swallowed it? If there is acute poisoning, it will manifest as acute hepatitis. Because the indicator of acute Aflatoxin poisoning is liver function damage, if you are clear, you must go to the hospital to check liver function if you are sure of the "enzyme" poisoning. If there is liver cell damage, it is necessary to treat the liver as hepatitis. There is also chronic poisoning. Now the most important thing is not to take moldy foods. Taking yogurt can help eliminate aflatoxin.
Aflatoxin B1 over 320 will cause cancer.
Aflatoxin B1 degradation enzyme is a new type of biodegrading agent. The product abandons the traditional adsorption concept and uses advanced biotechnology and technology to ingeniously match the complex mycotoxin degrading enzyme with probiotics, which can effectively degrade many kinds of mycotoxins and regulate the structure of intestinal flora and promote animal growth. It is currently the recommended product for feed factories and farms to remove hidden dangers of mycotoxins.
Aflatoxin B1 is the most common in naturally contaminated food, and its toxicity and carcinogenicity are also the strongest. When the grain is not dried in time and stored improperly, Aflatoxin M1 is often easily contaminated by Aspergillus flavus or Aspergillus parasiticus to produce such toxin. The median lethal dose of Aflatoxin B is 0.36 mg/kg body weight, which is a particularly highly toxic poison range.
You can put the moldy peanuts in alcohol for a while, then pour out, evaporate the alcohol, and the resulting substance should contain aflatoxin.
The distribution of Aflatoxin in food is extremely uneven. In peanut samples, moldy, damaged, sprouts, wrinkled skin and discolored peanuts are the most concentrated. As long as they are removed, the toxin content will be greatly reduced, or even as low as none.
The milling process can remove a large part of the Aflatoxin which is concentrated in the rice bran layer, grain bark and germ layer; scrubbing can remove a large amount of toxins on the surface of the grain.
Aflatoxin B1 is the most carcinogenic of among known chemicals. Aflatoxin B1 has strong toxicity to humans and some animals, and its toxicity is mainly damage to the liver. Aflatoxin B1 is the most common poison in natural food. The AQSIQ stipulates that Aflatoxin B1 is one of the mandatory inspection items for most foods. Foods contaminated by Aflatoxin B1 are mainly peanuts, corn, rice, wheat, peanut oil and other grain and oil foods, and the hot and humid areas in the south are most contaminated.
Aflatoxin is heat-resistant and can only be decomposed at 280°C, so it is difficult to be destroyed under normal cooking temperature. The toxicity of Aflatoxin B1 is 30 times more toxic than vomitin, and 20 times more toxic than zearalenone. The acute toxicity of Aflatoxin B1 is 10 times that of potassium cyanide and 68 times that of arsenic. The chronic toxicity can induce cancer. The carcinogenic ability is 75 times that of dimethylnitrosamine and 900 times that of dimethylaminobenzene. Human primary liver cancer may also be related to aflatoxin.
Aflatoxin interferes with the synthesis of RNA and DNA. DNA synthesis when interfered is prone to mismatch mutations and carcinogenesis. Non-carcinogenesis also affects cell mitosis.
Aflatoxin is soluble in a variety of polar organic solvents, such as chloroform, methanol, ethanol, propanol, and ethylene dimethyl amide. It is hardly soluble in water, and insoluble in petroleum ether, ether and hexane. Aflatoxin is relatively stable to light, heat and acid. It can only be lysed when heated to 280-300 °C. After autoclaving for 2 hours, the toxicity is reduced by 25% -33%, and 50% in 4 hours.